Abstract Anthocyanin plays an important role in wine color and quality. The anthocyanin concentration in grapes depends on the variety and is influenced by environmental factors, such as temperature, sunlight, soil, and grapevine practice. In this study, the anthocyanin profiles of two varieties, namely Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot, from five regions (11 plots) in Xinjiang were examined. The climatic parameters performed noticeable difference between northern and southern of Xinjiang region. Result showed that northern of Xinjiang possessed the relatively lower humidity and higher average temperature in comparison with southern area. In addition, the total anthocyanin profiles of Cabernet sauvignon, which in Changji, Wushitala, Heshuo respectively, were higher than of other plots. This result might be caused by which those have relatively higher altitude than in other plots. For merlot, the higher anthocyanin concentrations performed in southern of Xinjiang, which could be contributed to the lower average temperature and higher relative humidity. Comparing Cabernet sauvignon and Merlot, the latter was easily affected by environment factors, and the anthocyanin composition and concentration of Merlot showed significant differences in different regions.

A vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction method combined with high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector has been developed for the determination of parabens in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. In this work, polymeric deep eutectic solvents composed of DL-menthol and polyethylene glycol with three different light grades were prepared successfully for the first time and used as extraction solvents. The influencing parameters on the extraction efficiency including type of extraction solvent, salt addition, composition of deep eutectic solvent, volume of extraction solvent, extraction time and solution pH were evaluated. Under the optimized conditions, using DL-menthol and polyethylene glycol 400 at a molar ratio of 1:1 as the extraction solvent, the method exhibited good linearity with linear coefficients greater than 0.9995. Limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the range of 0.3-2 ng mL-1 and 1-5 ng mL-1, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine four parabens in seven commercial products. The proposed method is simple, green and efficient, and could be applied to determine parabens in complex matrices.

ABSTRACT This study examined the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and clonal complex (CC) characteristics of serogroup 6 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates collected from children in Beijing, China, between 1997 and 2016. Serotypes were determined using the Quellung reaction, and the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the isolates were determined using the disc-diffusion method or by E-test. Sequence types (STs) were assigned based on multilocus sequence typing. A total of 250 isolates were examined, with 55.2%, 30.0%, 12.8%, and 2.0% of isolates identified as serotypes 6A, 6B, 6C, and 6D, respectively. All of the isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin and vancomycin, and the non-suceptibitility rate to penicillin was 41.6%. Eighty-two distinct STs, assigned to 13 CCs and 28 singletons, were identified. CC982 was the most prevalent CC amongst serotype 6A isolates (34%), followed by CC9789 and CC3173. Amongst serotype 6B isolates, CC90 and CC4542 were the most common, accounting for 25.3% and 14.7% of isolates respectively. Over the study period, the prevalence of CC982, CC4542, and CC4536 isolates showing susceptibility to penicillin and cefuroxime decreased, and the proportion of CC3173, CC9789, CC855, and CC902 isolates showing non-susceptibility to these two antibiotics increased.

OBJECTIVE: An elevated red cell distribution width has been recognized as a predictor of various cardiovascular diseases. Slow coronary flow syndrome is an important angiographic clinical entity with an unknown etiology. This study aimed to examine the relationship between red cell distribution width and the presence of slow coronary flow syndrome. METHODS: In total, 185 patients with slow coronary flow syndrome and 183 age- and gender-matched subjects with normal coronary flow (controls) were prospectively enrolled in this study. Red cell distribution width and C-reactive protein were measured upon admission, and the results were compared between the patients with slow coronary flow syndrome and normal controls. RESULTS: Red cell distribution width levels were significantly higher in the patients with slow coronary flow syndrome than the normal controls. Moreover, the data showed that the plasma C-reactive protein levels were also higher in the patients with slow coronary flow syndrome than in the normal controls. In addition, a multivariate analysis indicated that C-reactive protein and red cell distribution width were the independent variables most strongly associated with slow coronary flow syndrome. Finally, the red cell distribution width was positively correlated with C-reactive protein and mean thrombosis in the myocardial infarction frame counts of the patients with slow coronary flow syndrome. CONCLUSION: The data demonstrated that red cell distribution width levels are significantly higher and strongly positively correlated with both C-reactive protein and thrombosis in the myocardial infarction frame counts of patients with slow coronary flow syndrome. These findings suggest that red cell distribution width may be a useful marker for patients with slow coronary flow syndrome.